Богатый и полный метафор язык произведений Киплинга внес большой вклад в сокровищницу английского языка. Его лучшими произведениями считаются «Книга джунглей», «Ким» и многочисленные стихотворения. Киплинг стал первым английским Нобелевским лауреатом по литературе, получив Нобелевскую премию в 1907 году.
Джозеф Редьярд Киплинг (англ. Joseph Rudyard Kipling) родился 30 декабря 1865 года в Бомбее (Индия). Отец, крупный специалист по истории индийского искусства, был директором музея. Мать происходила из известной лондонской семьи. Оба деда были методистскими священниками.
В шесть лет мальчика отослали в Англию. В 1882 году шестнадцатилетний Редьярд вернулся в Индию и устроился помощником редактора в лахорской газете. Не по летам развитый юноша удивлял местное общество проницательными суждениями о тайных пружинах колониального правления и знанием Индии, почерпнутым в основном в разговорах с энциклопедически образованным отцом.
Ежегодные отпуска в гималайском городе Симле стали источником многих работ писателя. С 1889 года Киплинг путешествовал по всему миру, писал дорожные заметки. В октябре он приехал в Лондон и почти сразу сделался знаменитостью. Начав с «Баллады о Востоке и Западе», он шел к новой манере английского стихосложения, создав «Песни казармы».
Вскоре из-за переутомления здоровье писателя пошатнулось, и большую часть 1891 года он провел в путешествиях по Америке и британским доминионам. Вернувшись в январе 1892 года, женился на сестре американского издателя У.Балестьера.
За четыре года, прожитых в Америке, Киплинг написал лучшие свои произведения. Это рассказы, вошедшие в сборники «Масса выдумок» (1893) и «Труды дня» (1898), а также стихи о кораблях, о море и моряках-первопроходцах, собранные в книге «Семь морей», и две «Книги джунглей» (1894–1895). В 1896 году он написал книгу «Отважные мореплаватели».
На вершине славы и богатства Киплинг избегал публичности, отказался от звания поэта-лауреата и почестей. В 1902 году он поселился в глухой деревне в графстве Суссекс. В 1901 году выпустил роман «Ким», свое прощальное слово к Индии, в 1902 – восхитительную детскую книгу «Сказки просто так».
Он писал до начала 1930-х годов, но самыми известными так и остались его произведения конца 19 века.
Умер Редьярд Киплинг в Лондоне 18 января 1936 года и был похоронен в Уголке поэтов в Вестминстерском аббатстве.
Источник опубликования: https://www.calend.ru/persons/143/
Фото из открытых источников интернета
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